Pekin, IL
- About the City
- Landmarks
- Geography
- Climate and Weather
- Transport
- Local Cuisine and Culinary Traditions
- Museums
- Sport and Sports Legends
- Universities and Educational Institutions
- Healthcare Institutions
Pekin is a historic river city in central Illinois and the seat of Tazewell County. Part of the Peoria metropolitan area, it is known for its deep-rooted history with Abraham Lincoln and as the headquarters of Pekin Insurance.
About the City
Official Status and Administrative Affiliation
- Full Official Name: Pekin, Illinois
- Administrative Role: Pekin is the county seat of Tazewell County, serving as its administrative hub. A small portion of the city's limits also extends into neighboring Peoria County .
- Country and Region: The city is located in the state of Illinois in the United States. It is the largest city in Tazewell County and the second-most populous in the Peoria metropolitan area, which is a major economic and cultural hub in north-central Illinois .
Historical Names and Nicknames
- Origin of the Name: The city was named "Pekin" in 1829 by Ann Eliza Cromwell, the wife of one of its founders, Nathan Cromwell. She believed the town was located on the exact opposite side of the world from Peking (now Beijing), China, which was often romanized as "Pekin" at the time. This practice was not uncommon in the early 19th century, based on the then-popular belief that China and the U.S. were antipodal .
Founding Date and Age
- Date of First Settlement: The first non-native settler, Jonathan Tharp from Ohio, built a log cabin in the area in 1824 .
- Official Founding: The town site was laid out in 1827 and officially auctioned off in 1829 . Pekin was incorporated as a town in 1835 and then as a city in 1849 .
- Age: Founded in 1829, the city is over 195 years old.
Geographic Location and Coordinates
- Geographic Coordinates: Latitude 40.5678° N, Longitude -89.6251° W .
- Location: Pekin is situated along the eastern bank of the Illinois River in the largely flat plains of Central Illinois. It lies just south of the city of Peoria, its larger metropolitan neighbor .
- Elevation: The city's center sits at an elevation of approximately 538 feet (164 meters) above sea level .
City Type and Economic Specialization
Pekin functions as a diversified economic center for its region. Its key sectors include:
- Industrial & Manufacturing: Historically a shipping point for the rich agricultural region and the Illinois coalfields, Pekin has a long history of manufacturing, including food products, machinery, and distilling .
- Administrative & Services: As the county seat, government services are a key part of its economy. It is also the headquarters for a major regional insurance company, Pekin Insurance, and is home to the Federal Correctional Institution, Pekin .
- Agriculture: The city remains a significant shipping point for corn and soybeans from the surrounding area .
Population and Demographics
- Population: As of the 2020 census, Pekin has a population of 31,731 residents . It is the most populous municipality in the United States with this name .
- Classification: Pekin is classified as a small city. The larger Peoria metropolitan area, of which it is a part, has a population of over 402,000 .
City's "Calling Card" (In Brief)
Pekin, Illinois, is a historic river city whose identity is woven into the fabric of 19th-century America. It is a place where early settlers dreamed of a great city, where Abraham Lincoln argued cases and made the political pact that launched his national career, and where a determined woman secured her freedom with his help. Today, it stands as the largest city in Tazewell County and the quiet heart of the Peoria metro area, blending its rich heritage with a modern role as an industrial and insurance hub.
Landmarks
Sites Associated with Abraham Lincoln
Pekin holds a significant place in the history of Abraham Lincoln, with several landmarks tied to his legacy.
- Tazewell County Courthouse: Abraham Lincoln frequently argued cases in the courthouse here, as did his political rival Stephen A. Douglas and Judge David Davis. It was in this legal setting that Lincoln honed his skills as a lawyer .
- Site of the 1843 Whig Convention: Lincoln attended a Whig Convention in Pekin on May 1, 1843. It was here that he and other local Whigs made the "Pekin Agreement"—a pact to take turns supporting one another's bids for the U.S. Congress. This agreement directly led to Lincoln's election in 1846, his sole term in Washington before becoming president .
- Nance Costley's Pekin: While no monument currently exists, the city is the location of the historic residence of Nance Costley (known as "Black Nancy"), the first enslaved person freed with the help of Abraham Lincoln. After Lincoln successfully argued her case before the Illinois Supreme Court in 1841, she remained in Pekin, and by 1870 was noted in the city directory as a notable citizen who had "outlived the age of barbarism" .
Everett McKinley Dirksen Sites
Pekin was the birthplace and lifelong home of Everett McKinley Dirksen, one of the most influential U.S. Senators in American history.
- Birthplace and Grave: Dirksen was born in Pekin and is buried in the city's Glendale Memorial Gardens .
- Everett McKinley Dirksen Park Complex: This park complex, located in Pekin, is named in his honor and serves as a major recreational area for the city, featuring sports facilities, a lake, and walking paths .
Historic Architecture and Districts
- The Carl Herget Mansion: This historic home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built for George Herget, a prominent German-American businessman and president of the Globe Distilling Company, and stands as a testament to the influential German community that shaped Pekin in the late 19th century .
- 331 Court Street: This address is the site where Dr. Daniel Cheever and ten other men gathered on June 25, 1862, to establish the first council of the Union League of America. The building, a private residence, is a landmark of the pro-Union and abolitionist sentiment that countered the pro-Confederate "Knights of the Golden Circle" in Pekin during the Civil War .
Geography
Water Features (Rivers, Lakes)
- Illinois River: The defining geographic feature of Pekin, this major tributary of the Mississippi River flows along the city's western edge. It was the original reason for settlement, providing transportation and water for early inhabitants. French explorers, including Robert de LaSalle, wintered in the area as early as 1680 . Today, the river is part of the Illinois Waterway, supporting commercial navigation and recreation .
- Pekin Lake: Located in the northwestern part of the city, this lake was originally the site of Chief Shabbona's large Potawatomi village. Today, it is a natural area near the river .
- Mineral Springs Park: This large municipal park is a central recreational hub, featuring a spring-fed lake, walking trails, and sports facilities .
Natural and Conservation Areas Nearby
The area southwest of Pekin is rich with state and federal conservation lands, offering a variety of outdoor experiences .
- Powerton Lake: A large cooling lake for a power plant that has become a significant spot for fishing and wildlife observation.
- Banner Marsh State Fish and Wildlife Area: A sprawling complex of wetlands, lakes, and timber, popular for hunting, fishing, and paddling.
- Rice Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area: Another major wetland area offering excellent birding and waterfowl hunting opportunities.
- Sand Ridge State Forest: Located further southwest, it is the largest state forest in Illinois, featuring unique sandy soils and trails for hiking and equestrian use.
Climate and Weather
General Climate Characteristics
Pekin experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfa), characterized by four distinct seasons. The city enjoys warm to hot summers, cold winters, and moderate precipitation spread fairly evenly throughout the year. Due to its location in the central U.S., the weather can sometimes change rapidly.
Average Seasonal Temperatures
- Spring (March - May): Springs are mild and unpredictable. Temperatures gradually warm from averages in the 40s°F (5-10°C) in March to the 60s and 70s°F (15-25°C) by May. This is a wet season with an increased risk of thunderstorms.
- Summer (June - August): Summers are hot and humid. Average high temperatures are in the mid-80s°F (around 30°C), with occasional heat waves pushing temperatures into the 90s°F (above 32°C). Overnight lows typically remain in the 60s°F (15-20°C).
- Fall (September - November): Autumn is a pleasant transition period, with crisp air and decreasing humidity. September remains warm, with highs in the 70s and 80s°F, cooling to the 40s and 50s°F (5-15°C) by November.
- Winter (December - February): Winters are cold and often snowy. Average high temperatures are typically in the low to mid-30s°F (around 0°C), while overnight lows frequently drop into the teens and single digits Fahrenheit (-5 to -15°C). Snowfall is common, with occasional winter storms.
Precipitation and Severe Weather
- Annual Precipitation: Pekin receives an average of around 35-40 inches of precipitation per year, including the water equivalent from snowfall.
- Wettest Months: Late spring and early summer (May and June) tend to be the wettest, with frequent showers and thunderstorms.
- Severe Weather: Located in an area sometimes referred to as "Tornado Alley," Pekin is at risk for severe thunderstorms, including damaging winds, hail, and tornadoes, primarily in the spring and early summer.
Transport
Airports
Pekin does not have a major commercial airport of its own and is served by the nearby General Wayne A. Downing Peoria International Airport.
- General Wayne A. Downing Peoria International Airport (PIA): Located approximately 10-15 miles north of Pekin, this is the primary air gateway for the region. It offers non-stop commercial flights to several major hubs in the United States .
Railways and Highways
- Rail: Pekin is a historic railroad town and remains a significant rail hub. It is served by several railroads and is home to the Pekin Union Railway, which handles freight switching and connections in the area. The city's location on the Illinois Waterway also makes it a key point for barge-to-rail transfers .
- Major Highways:
- Interstate 474 (I-474): A bypass route that loops south of Peoria, providing access to Pekin and connecting to I-74.
- Illinois Route 29 (IL 29): Runs north-south through the city, connecting Pekin directly to Peoria to the north and communities like Manito to the south.
- Illinois Route 9 (IL 9): An east-west route that terminates in Pekin, linking the city to Canton and other points west.
- U.S. Route 24 (US 24): Passes just east of Pekin, connecting it to communities like Morton and Washington, and providing a route toward Bloomington-Normal.
Bridges
Given its location on the Illinois River, bridges are critical infrastructure for Pekin.
- Cedar Street Bridge (IL 29): This bridge carries Illinois Route 29 across the Illinois River, directly connecting Pekin with the community of Creve Coeur and points west. It is the primary river crossing for the city.
Local Cuisine and Culinary Traditions
Pekin's dining scene offers a blend of classic American comfort food and international flavors, reflecting its character as a welcoming Midwestern community.
Classic American Diner Fare at Cobbler Corner
A true Pekin institution, Cobbler Corner is a beloved, old-school family diner that has been a local favorite for generations. For many residents, it's a place of nostalgic family traditions, with one long-time patron sharing, "Cobbler Corner has been my favorite place to eat since I was a small child. I was very happy to be able to give my son his very first Cobbler Corner experience" . The restaurant is famous for its classic American dishes, and as the name suggests, its specialty is dessert. While the menu includes hearty options like patty melts, hot ham and cheese sandwiches, and chicken strips, the main attraction is its selection of cobblers and pies, which often catch the eye of travelers passing by on the interstate . It's the go-to place in town for a taste of home-style baking and a classic small-town diner atmosphere. Note that it is a cash-only establishment .
A Local Favorite for Breaded Tenderloin
While Cobbler Corner was historically renowned for its breaded tenderloin, locals now suggest that another spot, Cranwell's Drive In, has become the preferred destination for this classic Midwestern sandwich. One former Cobbler Corner patron noted the shift, stating they found a "better place" for tenderloins at Cranwell's after a disappointing experience . This highlights a common local quest for the perfect breaded pork tenderloin, a staple of Illinois cuisine.
Chinese Cuisine and Community Favorites
For those seeking Asian flavors, Fast Dragon Buffet & Carry Out is a popular choice for Chinese food in Pekin. Known for its fresh ingredients, the restaurant has built a loyal following . Customer reviews frequently praise the Steamed or Fried Dumplings (蒸饺或煎饺) , calling them the "best dumplings" in the area, alongside other favorites like Crab Rangoon (螃蟹仰光) , Roast Pork Egg Roll (烧肉蛋卷) , and General Tso's Chicken (左宗棠鸡) . This local spot offers a wide array of classic Chinese-American dishes, from appetizers and soups to chef's specialties, making it a convenient option for both dine-in and takeout .
Local Ingredients and Agricultural Roots
Pekin's culinary identity is also shaped by its agricultural surroundings. The city proudly holds the title of "Marigold Capital of the World" . While marigolds are primarily an ornamental flower, this title reflects the deep agricultural roots and community pride in the region's horticulture. Additionally, Pekin is home to one of the largest ethanol plants in the United States, underscoring the importance of corn and grain production to the local economy and, by extension, the region's food system .
Museums
Pekin serves as a key location for preserving and celebrating the heritage of Tazewell County, offering resources for both historical research and community engagement.
Tazewell County Museum & Ehrlicher Research Center
The Tazewell County Museum, located in the heart of Pekin at 15 S Capitol St, is a hub for the county's historical treasures . It operates in conjunction with the Tazewell County Genealogical & Historical Society, which runs the Ehrlicher Research Center at 719 N. Eleventh Street . Established in 1978, the Society is dedicated to gathering historical records and artifacts that tell the story of the area .
Visitors to the museum and research center can explore a wealth of resources, including family histories, documents, and a variety of artifacts that showcase the evolution of local governance and community life . The museum provides a comprehensive look into the region's past, from interactive displays to meticulously curated collections that highlight key moments in Tazewell County's history .
The Society also actively engages the community through events like an annual Christmas Potluck and "Show & Tell" meetings, where locals can share family artifacts and historical discoveries, making it a living institution that fosters a collective appreciation for local heritage .
Sport and Sports Legends
Sports play a vital role in Pekin's community life, centered around its high school teams, local clubs, and modern recreational facilities.
High School Athletics: The Pekin Community Dragons
The Pekin Community High School is the heart of local sports, with its teams, known as the Dragons, competing with pride. The school's athletics program is active, with the football team recently posting a successful 7-3 overall record and a strong 6-1 finish in the Mid-Illini Conference . The boys' basketball team also represents the community, building on past performances and generating local excitement each winter season .
Major Youth Soccer Tournament: The Tony Fulk Memorial Classic
Pekin is also home to a significant and growing youth soccer event. The Tony Fulk Memorial Classic, organized by the Pekin Pride Soccer Club and Discover Pekin Tourism, is an annual tournament that honors the legacy of a legendary local coach who passed away in 2022 . The tournament has seen tremendous growth, with its sixth year attracting a record 96 teams and over 3,500 attendees . This event not only celebrates the local soccer community but also provides a major economic boost to the area.
Modern Sports Complexes
The success of the tournament is supported by the city's modern athletic facilities. Games are held at the Pekin Park District Sports Complex on Koch Street and the newly opened Sandrock Sports Complex in nearby North Pekin . The Sandrock Sports Complex was built to provide youth with opportunities to compete and have fun in baseball, soccer, basketball, and track, further enhancing the region's appeal as a destination for regional sporting events .
Universities and Educational Institutions
While Pekin itself has a community college campus, it is also in close proximity to a range of higher education institutions in the Greater Peoria area, providing ample opportunity for academic advancement.
Illinois Central College (Pekin Campus)
Pekin is home to one of the three campuses of Illinois Central College (ICC) , the seventh-largest community college in the state . ICC serves more than 10,000 students across its locations in Peoria, East Peoria, and Pekin . The college offers over 100 degree programs and approximately 56 certificate programs, with areas of study including agriculture science, computer science, business, health care, education, and engineering. Recently, ICC has launched innovative programs like a one-year certificate in artificial intelligence, designed to prepare graduates for the modern workforce . The presence of ICC in Pekin provides local residents with accessible, affordable education and helps maintain a pipeline of talent for the region's key industries .
Colleges and Universities Near Pekin
Beyond ICC, Pekin residents have easy access to several four-year universities within a short driving distance. The nearest college is Bradley University in Peoria, just 9 miles away . Bradley is a top-ranked, private university known for its personalized education, small class sizes, and strong programs in business, communication, engineering, fine arts, and health sciences . The area is also home to Eureka College, a historic liberal arts college founded in 1855, and the University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria (UICOMP) , which offers a Doctor of Medicine program and numerous residency and fellowship opportunities . In total, there are 37 colleges within 100 miles of Pekin, offering a wide array of choices for higher education .
Healthcare Institutions
Pekin is served by a modern hospital that is part of a larger, integrated health system, providing the community with comprehensive medical care.
Carle Health Pekin Hospital
The primary medical facility in the city is Carle Health Pekin Hospital, located at 600 S 13th St . This hospital is a key part of the Carle Health system, a not-for-profit organization with a major presence throughout central Illinois .
Carle Health Pekin Hospital is a fully integrated facility that offers a range of services to the community. It operates a multi-specialty clinic with a team of physicians in family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, ENT, vascular care, and podiatry . The well-appointed clinic offers full lab draw services and on-site X-rays, ensuring convenient access to diagnostic care . The hospital also utilizes the Epic electronic medical record (EMR) system, which helps improve care coordination across its network .
As a Magnet-designated hospital, Carle Health Pekin Hospital is recognized for its high standards of nursing care, an honor shared by several other hospitals in the Carle Health system . The hospital is committed to patient safety and regularly reports on its performance measures, with data available on patient outcomes and processes of care . This commitment to quality, combined with its comprehensive services and integration into the larger Carle Health network, makes Carle Health Pekin Hospital a vital healthcare resource for the community .
Nearby Medical Education and Specialized Care
For more specialized medical needs and education, Pekin's location near Peoria is beneficial. The University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria (UICOMP) is located nearby, offering advanced medical education, residency programs, and faculty mentorship . This proximity ensures that the region has access to cutting-edge medical knowledge and a pipeline of highly trained physicians, further strengthening the overall healthcare ecosystem available to Pekin residents.