Summit, NJ

• About the City
• Geography
• Climate and Weather
• Landmarks
• Transport
• Local Cuisine and Culinary Traditions
• Museums
• Sport and Sports Legends
• Universities and Academic Institutions
• Healthcare and Medical Institutions

About the City

Official Status and Administrative Affiliation

• Full Official Name: City of Summit, New Jersey .
• Administrative Role: Summit is a city and the northernmost municipality in Union County, New Jersey . It operates under a City form of government with a Common Council . It is a principal community within the New York metropolitan area .
• Region: The city is located in the state of New Jersey, in Union County. The region is known for its picturesque suburbs, excellent school systems, and as a residential area for professionals commuting to New York City .

Historical Names and Nicknames

• Historical Names: Before becoming Summit, the area was known as "Turkey Hill" in the 18th century, a name used to distinguish it from the nearby settlement of "Turkey" (now New Providence) . During the American Revolutionary War, it was called "Beacon Hill" because bonfires were lit there to warn militiamen of approaching British troops . In the late 18th and much of the 19th centuries, it was referred to as the "Heights over Springfield" .
• Nicknames: The city is affectionately known as the "Hill City" . This nickname appears in early 20th-century reports about the city's building activity and is a nod to its elevated location . The name "Summit" itself is believed to derive from its position atop the Second Watchung Mountain, from a local sawmill owner granting passage to a railroad route to "the summit of the Short Hills," or from "Summit Lodge," the home of jurist James Kent .

Date of Foundation and Age

• Date of Foundation: The area was first settled by Europeans around 1710 . It was originally incorporated as Summit Township on March 23, 1869, from portions of New Providence Township (now Berkeley Heights) and Springfield Township . Summit was later reincorporated as a city on March 8, 1899 .
• Age: Based on its incorporation as a city, Summit is 125 years old in 2024 .

Geographic Location and Coordinates

• Geographic Coordinates: 40°42′56″N 74°21′53″W / 40.715622°N 74.364684°W .
• Location: Summit is situated on a ridge in northern-central New Jersey, within the Raritan Valley and Rahway Valley regions. It is located approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of Midtown Manhattan . It borders both Essex and Morris counties .
• Elevation: The center of the city sits at an elevation of 374 feet (114 m) above sea level .
• Geographic Type: The city is located atop the Second Watchung Mountain, placing it in a hilly geographic region .

Type of City and Economic Specialization

• Primary Type: Summit is primarily an affluent commuter town (or bedroom community) for New York City . A significant portion of its workforce commutes to Manhattan via the NJ Transit train .
• Secondary Specialization: The city also functions as a commercial hub with a thriving downtown area, featuring numerous restaurants, shops, and community events . Historically, it was a getaway spot for wealthy New Yorkers and had a silk-weaving industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries .

Population and Demographics

• Population: As of the 2020 United States Census, the city's population was 22,719 .
• Population Class: Based on its population, Summit is a small to mid-sized city.
• Demographic Features: Summit is known as an affluent community with one of the highest per capita incomes in New Jersey . It consistently ranks highly in lists of best places to live, lauded for its excellent education system, low crime rates, and family-friendly environment .

"Visiting Card" of the City

Summit, New Jersey, is a picturesque and affluent city that masterfully blends small-town charm with urban convenience. Known as the "Hill City," it offers residents and visitors a vibrant downtown, beautiful green spaces like the vast Watchung Reservation, and a strong sense of community, all while being just a short train ride from the excitement of New York City .

Geography

Mountains and Mountain Ranges

• Watchung Mountains: Summit is located on the Second Watchung Mountain, a ridge that is part of the Watchung Mountains range . These mountains are ancient volcanic formations, with basalt lava flows dating back approximately 200 million years. The Watchung Reservation, Union County's largest natural preserve, protects a significant portion of this terrain, featuring rugged hills, dense forests, and striking red sandstone and shale formations from the Triassic-Jurassic period .

Water Bodies

• Briant Pond: Recently restored, this pond is a tranquil green space in the city, perfect for a morning stroll .
• Lake Surprise: Located within the Watchung Reservation, this man-made lake was created by damming Blue Brook. It's a popular spot for birdwatching, fishing, and quiet reflection .
• Blue Brook: A stream that runs through the Watchung Reservation valley and is dammed to form Lake Surprise .

National and Nature Parks

• Watchung Reservation: This is the dominant natural feature in the area, a vast preserve of over 2,000 acres that lies partly within Summit's southern end . It is a richly layered area offering hiking trails (including the 6-mile History Trail), the Trailside Nature & Science Center, the Watchung Stable for horseback riding, and the historic Deserted Village of Feltville. The reservation is open from dawn to dusk and is free to enter .

Islands and Archipelagos

There are no significant islands or archipelagos in Summit, as it is an inland city.

Climate and Weather

Climate Type and General Characteristics

Summit has a humid subtropical climate, characterized by four distinct seasons . The weather is marked by warm, humid, and wet summers; very cold and snowy winters; and mild, pleasant springs and autumns . Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year .

Average Monthly Temperatures

The data below shows average daily high and low temperatures :

• Hottest Month: July, with an average high of 85°F (29°C) .
• Coldest Month: January, with an average low of 24°F (-4°C) .

Precipitation and Humidity

• Annual Precipitation: Summit receives significant precipitation, with a yearly average of about 57.5 inches (1460 mm) . A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation .
• Wettest Month: October is typically the wettest, averaging 5.6 inches (143 mm) of precipitation .
• Driest Month: September is the driest, averaging 3.9 inches (99 mm) .
• Snowfall: Snow is common in winter, with January and February seeing the most, averaging 7.5 and 7.4 inches respectively . The snow cover typically lasts from late November to early April .
• Humidity: Summers are humid, which can make the warm temperatures feel muggy .

Sunny Days and UV Index

• Sunny Days: The sunniest and clearest skies are typically from late June through September, with September having the highest percentage of clear sky days (63%) .
• Daylight: The longest day of the year is around June 21, with about 15 hours and 6 minutes of daylight. The shortest day is around December 21, with about 9 hours and 15 minutes of daylight .

Seasonality and Best Time for a Visit

• Best Time to Visit: The best time for warm-weather activities is from mid-June to late September, when temperatures are consistently warm and the skies are clearest .
• Spring (April-May): Milder weather arrives, with blooming flowers visible at the Reeves-Reed Arboretum and Watchung Reservation. It's a great time for hiking before the summer heat and humidity arrive .
• Summer (June-August): Summers are warm to hot and humid, with average highs in the 80s°F (upper 20s°C). July is the warmest month. This is an excellent time for outdoor activities in the parks and enjoying community events, but be prepared for humidity .
• Fall (September-November): This season offers crisp, cool air and spectacular fall foliage in the Watchung Reservation. September is particularly pleasant, as it's the driest month with comfortable temperatures .
• Winter (December-March): Winters are cold and snowy. While outdoor activities are limited, the city has a cozy charm, and the nearby Watchung Reservation offers starkly beautiful winter landscapes .

Landmarks

Reeves-Reed Arboretum

Located at 165 Hobart Avenue, the Reeves-Reed Arboretum is a nonprofit arboretum and garden that serves as a peaceful oasis in the city . It features stunning displays of azaleas, daffodils, wildflowers, and even carnivorous plants. The arboretum includes a historic barn, a visitor center with a gallery space, and miles of walking paths. Admission is free, making it a perfect spot for a quiet afternoon .

The Deserted Village of Feltville

This fascinating historic district is nestled within the Watchung Reservation . Established around 1845, Feltville was a bustling mill town built around a sawmill and paper factory. After the factory closed, the village was abandoned. Today, visitors can explore the preserved remains of houses, a church, and a schoolhouse, offering a unique and slightly spooky glimpse into 19th-century industrial life .

Summit Station and Downtown

The Summit train station is not just a transportation hub but a landmark in its own right . It's the gateway for commuters to New York City. The station is adjacent to Downtown Summit, a thriving commercial district on Broad Street, designed wide and straight for a historic trolley line . The downtown area is filled with unique shops, renowned restaurants, bakeries like Bagels-4-U, and historic accommodations like the Grand Summit Hotel and the DeBary Inn, making it a vibrant destination .

Trailside Nature & Science Center

Situated within the Watchung Reservation, the Trailside Nature & Science Center is the reservation's environmental education hub . It features interactive exhibits on local wildlife, plant life, geology, and ecology. It offers family-friendly programs, guided nature walks, and educational dioramas, making it a perfect starting point for exploring the park .

Calvary Episcopal Church

Built in 1894-1895, Calvary Episcopal Church is a striking architectural landmark. At the time of its construction, The New York Times called it a "handsome new house of worship," and it remains a beautiful example of late 19th-century ecclesiastical architecture in the heart of the city .

Transport

Main Airports in the City and Region

Summit does not have its own commercial airport. It is served by several major airports in the New York metropolitan area.

• Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR): Located about 13 miles east of Summit, this is the closest major airport. Travel time is approximately 22-30 minutes by car or via NJ Transit train (with a transfer at Newark Penn Station) .
• LaGuardia Airport (LGA): Situated in New York City, about 30 miles away, it handles many domestic flights.
• John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK): Also in New York City, about 35 miles away, it is a major international gateway.

Main Railway Stations

• Summit Station: This is the city's central train station, served by NJ Transit's Morris & Essex Lines . It provides frequent and direct rail service to Hoboken Terminal and New York Penn Station (via Midtown Direct). The express train can reach Manhattan in as little as 30 minutes . The station is a key reason for Summit's identity as a major commuter town .

System of Public Transport

• Trains: As mentioned above, NJ Transit rail is the backbone of public transport for commuters .
• Buses: Local and regional bus services provide connections to surrounding communities.
• Bike Depot: The city, in partnership with NJ TRANSIT, operates the Summit Bike Depot at the train station, offering secure bicycle parking to encourage multi-modal commuting .

Major Highways and Roads

Summit is conveniently located near several major roadways.

• Interstate 78: A major highway that provides access to eastern Pennsylvania and the New Jersey Turnpike.
• Route 24: Connects to Interstates 78 and 287.
• Garden State Parkway: A key north-south artery in New Jersey, accessible within a few miles.

Local Cuisine and Culinary Traditions

Summit Diner: A Timeless American Classic

The most iconic culinary landmark in Summit is undoubtedly the Summit Diner. This isn't just a place to eat; it's a living piece of Americana. Housed in a classic, gleaming stainless steel railcar diner since 1929, it holds the distinction of being the oldest operating diner in the state of New Jersey . Stepping inside is like stepping back in time, with its long counter, spinning red vinyl stools, and a menu board that has changed little over the decades. The diner is famous for its hearty, no-frills American breakfasts and lunches. While everything on the menu is a classic, the omelets are particularly legendary. Described as "fluffy clouds of breakfast perfection," they are stuffed with generous fillings, from classic ham and cheese to a more adventurous lox and onion . The home fries, seasoned to perfection, are a must-have side. This is a cash-only establishment, a charming throwback that adds to its authentic, timeless feel . It's the go-to spot for a taste of local history and a meal that feels like a warm hug.

New York-Style Deli Classics with a Mediterranean Twist

Summit is also home to Sam's Delicatessen, a newer addition that carries on a family deli tradition started over 30 years ago . Located at 447 Springfield Ave, Sam's brings a gourmet approach to deli classics, blending Italian roots and Mediterranean flavors. The star of the show here is the signature fresh, home-cooked roast beef, made in the oven using an original recipe, resulting in a tender and juicy sandwich piled high on your choice of bread. Another must-try is their homemade hot pastrami, steamed to create a hot, juicy, and flavorful texture . With a menu that includes homemade meats, deli sandwiches, salads, and plans for a future juice and smoothie bar, Sam's offers both a nod to tradition and a fresh twist for the Summit dining scene .

Museums

Visual Arts Center of New Jersey

Summit's premier cultural institution is the Visual Arts Center of New Jersey . Designated a "Major Arts Institution" by the New Jersey State Council on the Arts, it is the largest institution in the state dedicated exclusively to contemporary art . For over 85 years, the Art Center has been bringing art and people together . It features a critically acclaimed exhibition program housed in a two-story gallery, alongside two strolling galleries that showcase a diverse range of contemporary work. Complementing the exhibitions is a renowned studio art school with nine state-of-the-art studios, offering classes and workshops for adults, teens, and kids . The campus also includes a sculpture park, making it a vibrant hub for both viewing and making art . Welcoming over 60,000 visitors annually, it's a must-visit for anyone interested in the contemporary art scene of New Jersey .

Sport and Sports Legends

Local High School Sports Rivalry

While Summit may not be home to major professional sports franchises, it has a vibrant local sports culture, particularly in high school athletics. A key fixture on the local sports calendar is the rivalry between the two main high schools in town. The Summit High School Hilltoppers and the Oratory Catholic Prep School boys' basketball teams have an "in-town rival" matchup that generates significant local excitement . Games like the one scheduled for December 20, 2025, are a cherished community tradition, showcasing the passion for sports at the grassroots level . The Summit High School boys' basketball team competes in the competitive Union County Conference, with goals to win the conference and make deep runs in the state tournament .

Universities and Academic Institutions

Prestigious Universities and Colleges Nearby

While Summit itself does not host a university campus, its prime location in northern New Jersey places it within easy reach of some of the nation's most prestigious institutions of higher learning. There are over 187 colleges within a 50-mile radius of the city .

Just a short drive away, residents and visitors have access to world-class universities. Princeton University, consistently ranked #1 among colleges in the nation by CollegeSimply, is a top-rated institution in the area . Rutgers University New Brunswick, ranked #19 for public universities in America, is located just 15 miles away, enrolling over 50,000 students . The Stevens Institute of Technology, ranked #3 in New Jersey, is also nearby . For those seeking a closer option, Drew University in neighboring Madison is the closest university, a mere 4.3 miles from Summit's center . This proximity to such a wide array of academic institutions, including the research powerhouse Rutgers, the Ivy League's Princeton, and specialized schools like Stevens, provides Summit with a deeply academic atmosphere.

Healthcare and Medical Institutions

Overlook Medical Center

Summit is home to a major healthcare provider, Overlook Medical Center, located at 99 Beauvoir Avenue . This general acute care hospital is a comprehensive medical facility with 362 medical/surgical beds and is a significant employer and resource for the region. Overlook is distinguished by several key designations, including being a Comprehensive Stroke Center and a Community Perinatal Center - Intensive . It is also part of a state angioplasty demonstration project, highlighting its role in advanced cardiac care. The hospital is equipped with 3 linear accelerators for radiation therapy, 2 on-site MRI machines, and 2 hyperbaric chambers, indicating a wide range of specialized services . It serves as a key clinical hub for Union County.

Summit Oaks Hospital

For specialized behavioral health services, Summit is home to Summit Oaks Hospital, a 126-bed psychiatric hospital located at 19 Prospect Street . Part of the Universal Health Services network, this facility offers a comprehensive range of mental health and addiction services. These include inpatient psychiatric care for adults, children, and adolescents, as well as emergency psychiatric services, outpatient care, and CARF-accredited inpatient rehabilitation for alcohol and drug services . Its presence makes Summit a regional center for specialized psychiatric and substance abuse treatment.

Discover new destinations

• Fruit Cove, FL
• Wheat Ridge, CO
• Canton, OH
• Ponce, PR
• Burbank, IL
• Morganton, NC
• Bay City, TX
• Ashtabula, OH
• Missouri City, TX
• Palisades Park, NJ